{"id":91,"date":"2021-06-16T11:33:13","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T09:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/?page_id=91"},"modified":"2024-03-28T13:49:22","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T12:49:22","slug":"big-question-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/research-organization\/big-questions\/big-question-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Big Question 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Variability in language processing and in language learning:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why does the ability to learn language change with age? How can we characterise and map individual language skills in relation to the population distribution?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We aim to characterize variation in language processing and learning skills and to determine how these variations relate to variations in the underlying biology of individual participants. The project has two strands: Strand A focuses on language processing skills in young adults, and Strand B on language learning skills in children and adults. Strand A will develop a comprehensive battery of language tasks targeting sound, meaning, and grammatical processing of words and longer utterances during speaking and listening. In addition, we will select or develop tasks assessing general cognitive skills that are likely to affect performance in language tasks. After extensive piloting, a demographically representative group of 1000 young adults will be tested on the battery. DNA will be obtained from all participants and used for genome-wide genotyping. About a third of the sample will also participate in neuroimaging studies in order to map the variation in neurobiology across the population. Advanced statistical modelling will be used to derive underlying core dimensions of linguistic ability, to situate each participant in a multidimensional skill space that maps population variation, and determine the manner in which these skills map onto structure and function of underlying brain circuitry. Integrating our new sample with Nijmegen\u2019s existing Brain Imaging Genetics cohorts, we will carry out focused investigations of genes and biological pathways that have been previously implicated in language ability, test how polygenic scores relate to performance on the task battery, and perform mediation analyses to bridge genes, brains and cognition.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Strand B uses variability in learning ability to investigate why second-language (L2) acquisition can become harder in adulthood. Do age-related differences in L2 learning reflect maturational changes in neural plasticity and in the schema-based mnemonic processes used for learning and consolidating linguistic knowledge and skills? We will examine age-related changes in the relative contributions of the medial temporal lobe and the medial prefrontal cortex and in the interactions between these pathways and the perisylvian language network. 360 children aged 8-17 and 360 adults from the Strand A sample will complete batteries of behavioural and neuroscientific tests on L2 learning. Analyses will seek to uncover associations between language-learning abilities and maturational changes in the brain and to characterize individual variability in these associations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>People involved<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\"><strong>Steering group<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AntjeMeyer_small.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1347\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AntjeMeyer_small.png 556w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AntjeMeyer_small-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AntjeMeyer_small-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Prof. dr. Antje Meyer<\/strong><br>PI \/ Coordinator BQ4A<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpi.nl\/people\/meyer-antje\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/jamesmcqueen-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4348\" style=\"width:106px;height:106px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/jamesmcqueen-1.jpg 259w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/jamesmcqueen-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Prof. dr. James McQueen<\/strong><br>PI \/ Coordinator BQ4B<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/personen\/mcqueen-j\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Team members<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/SF-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3714\" width=\"108\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/SF-2.png 392w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/SF-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/SF-2-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 108px) 100vw, 108px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Dr. Stephanie Forkel<\/strong><br>PI<br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stephanieforkel.com\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.stephanieforkel.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarbaraFranke_small.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1395\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarbaraFranke_small.png 392w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarbaraFranke_small-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/BarbaraFranke_small-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Prof. dr. Barbara Franke<\/strong><br>PI<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/english\/people\/franke-b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/researchtheheadlines.files.wordpress.com\/2018\/09\/sef_headshot.jpg\" alt=\"Talking Headlines: Simon Fisher |\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Prof. dr. Simon Fisher<\/strong><br>PI<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpi.nl\/people\/fisher-simon-e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/GabrieleJanzen.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2003\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/GabrieleJanzen.jpg 160w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/GabrieleJanzen-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Dr. Gabriele Janzen<\/strong><br>PI<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/english\/people\/janzen-g\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Jean-Vroomen1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1764\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Jean-Vroomen1.jpg 192w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Jean-Vroomen1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Prof. dr. Jean Vroomen<\/strong><br>PI<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tilburguniversity.edu\/nl\/medewerkers\/j-vroomen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AtsukoTakashima_small.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1396\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Dr. Atsuko Takashima<\/strong><br>Postdoc<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/english\/people\/takashima-a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/tamjoh-2-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3696\" width=\"110\" height=\"110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/tamjoh-2-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/tamjoh-2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/tamjoh-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/tamjoh-2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/tamjoh-2-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/tamjoh-2.jpg 1753w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 110px) 100vw, 110px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Dr. Tamar Johnson<\/strong><br>Postdoc<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.illc.uva.nl\/People\/person\/5427\/Dr-Tamar-Johnson\" data-type=\"URL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/NinaWyman_small.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1413\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Nina Wyman<\/strong><br>Research Assistant<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Jiska-Koemans_009_portraitsmall.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2844\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Jiska-Koemans_009_portraitsmall.jpg 235w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Jiska-Koemans_009_portraitsmall-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Jiska Koemans<\/strong><br>Research Assistant<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ClydeFrancks_small.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1356\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ClydeFrancks_small.png 255w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ClydeFrancks_small-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Dr. Clyde Francks<\/strong><br>PI<br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mpi.nl\/people\/francks-clyde\" target=\"_blank\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ChristianBeckmann_small-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1353\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ChristianBeckmann_small-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ChristianBeckmann_small-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/ChristianBeckmann_small.png 392w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Prof. dr. Christian Beckmann<\/strong><br>PI<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.narcis.nl\/person\/RecordID\/PRS1325239\/Language\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">P<\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.narcis.nl\/person\/RecordID\/PRS1325239\/Language\/en\" target=\"_blank\">rofile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guillen_Fernandez_small.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1345\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guillen_Fernandez_small.png 600w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guillen_Fernandez_small-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Guillen_Fernandez_small-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Prof. dr. Guill\u00e9n Fern\u00e1ndez<\/strong><br>PI<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/english\/people\/fernandez-g\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Peter-van-Hagoort.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-815\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Peter-van-Hagoort.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Peter-van-Hagoort-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Prof. dr. Peter Hagoort<\/strong><br>Programme Director<br>PI \/ Coordinator BQ2<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpi.nl\/people\/hagoort-peter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/loop.frontiersin.org\/images\/profile\/140509\/203\" alt=\"Loop | Annet H. De Lange\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Prof. dr. Roy Kessels<\/strong><br>PI<br><a href=\"https:\/\/roykessels.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ClaraEkerdt.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1815\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ClaraEkerdt.jpeg 512w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ClaraEkerdt-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/ClaraEkerdt-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Dr. Clara Ekerdt<\/strong><br>Postdoc<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Willeke-Menks.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1766\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Willeke-Menks.png 201w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Willeke-Menks-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p> <strong>Dr. Willeke Menks<\/strong><br> Postdoc<br> <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/personen\/menks-w-m\/\" target=\"_blank\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/MerelKoning_small.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1415\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Merel Koning<\/strong><br>Research Assistant<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PhD Candidates<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:120px\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized is-style-rounded\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.rgstatic.net\/ii\/profile.image\/322165570768898-1453821665908_Q512\/Christina-Isakoglou.jpg\" alt=\"Christina ISAKOGLOU | PhD Candidate | PhD Candidate in Clinical  Neuroscience | Radboud University, Nijmegen | RU | Donders Institute for  Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour\" width=\"106\" height=\"106\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Christina Isakoglou<\/strong><br>PhD Candidate<br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/cisakoglou.github.io\/\" target=\"_blank\">Profile page<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Collaborators<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Prof. dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/english\/people\/buitelaar-j\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jan Buitelaar<\/a><br>Dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpi.nl\/people\/hintz-florian\">Florian Hintz<\/a><br>Dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/english\/people\/janse-e\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Esther Janse<\/a><br>Dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpi.nl\/people\/kidd-evan\">Evan Kidd<\/a><br>Dr. <a href=\"http:\/\/klemhofer.ruhosting.nl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kristin Lemh\u00f6fer<\/a><br>Dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/personen\/marquand-a\/\">Andre Marquand<\/a><br>Dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mpi.nl\/people\/st-pourcain-beate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beate St Pourcain<\/a><br>Dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Julia-Udden\">Julia Udden<\/a><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Alumni<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Jelle de Boer &#8211; Research Assistant<br>Merel Burgering &#8211; PhD<br>Marjolijn Dijkhuis &#8211; Research Assistant<br>Katharina Gruber &#8211; Research Assistant<br>Vera van &#8216;t Hoff &#8211; Research Assistant<br>Milou Huijsmans &#8211; Research Assistant<br>Suzanne Jongman &#8211; Postdoc<br>Bob Kapteijns &#8211; Research Assistant<br>Carlo Rooth &#8211; Research Assistant<br>Lot Snijders Blok &#8211; PhD<br>Dr. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.ru.nl\/~shkarav\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Olha Shkaravska<\/a> &#8211; Developer<br>Jana Thorin &#8211; PhD<br>Shruti Ullas &#8211; PhD<br>Romy Verhoeven &#8211; Research Assistant<br>Dr. Xin Liu &#8211; Postdoc<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Research Highlights (2022)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Highlight 1<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specific neural networks underlie age-related variability in grammar learning success<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Team members<\/strong>: <em>Willeke Menks, Clara Ekerdt, Guillen Fern\u00e1ndez, Gabriele Janzen, Evan Kidd, Kristin Lemh\u00f6fer and James McQueen<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This project used the fMRI dataset from the grammar sub-project of strand B (1) to investigate age-related variability in grammar learning success during the initial learning phase and (2) to explore the neural mechanism underlying this age-related grammar learning variability within a large developmental sample of 165 typically developing individuals aged 8-25 years. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Behaviourally, we observed a strong linear correlation between age and grammar learning success until 15.4 years of age. Above that point, age was not predictive any more for grammar learning success. This turning point is in line with previous behavioural studies, and this study is the first that is able to investigate the underlying neural correlates.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1131\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Picture1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Picture1.png 1131w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Picture1-300x179.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Picture1-1024x611.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Picture1-768x458.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1131px) 100vw, 1131px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em>Figure 1.<\/em><\/strong><em> LEFT: GJT scores plotted against age overlaid with a fitted line by a LOESS function (black). The shaded areas indicate the confidence interval (95%) of the estimated curve. RIGHT: Statistical parametric map (cluster-level, p &lt; .05 FWE-corrected) displaying whole-brain increased (red-yellow) activation during grammar processing in relation to the LOESS fitted curve, that is, the combined effects of age(-related) and grammar learning success during the pre-training session, reproduced from Menks et al., (2024)&nbsp; <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2024.101347\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2024.101347<\/a><em>.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>On the neural level, age-related grammar learning success was reflected by increased activation in language-specific and domain-general brain areas, such as the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, and inferior temporal gyrus. A group comparison\u2014split at the turning point\u2014showed that older participants recruited these networks more compared to children and young adolescents, which suggests that maturation of these networks could explain the observed age-related grammar learning differences. Overall, these novel findings suggest that grammar learning success is dependent on age until late adolescence and that those differences are linked to the maturation of language and working memory networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This work contributes to the overarching quest of Language in Interaction through its interdisciplinary approach, across psycholinguistics, memory, and (neuro)development within a large-scale developmental sample. These novel findings provide evidence for a direct link between age and grammar learning success and its neural correlates. Close collaboration and team science within the Language in Interaction consortium teams of BQ4 made our interdisciplinary approach possible. We hope this work will motivate and guide future research to continue to investigate the underlying mechanisms of age-related variability in second language acquisition.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Variability in language processing and in language learning: Why does the ability to learn language change with age? How can we characterise and map individual &#8230; <a title=\"Big Question 4\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/research-organization\/big-questions\/big-question-4\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Big Question 4\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":36,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-91","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Big Question 4 - Language in interaction<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/research-organization\/big-questions\/big-question-4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Big Question 4 - Language in interaction\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Variability in language processing and in language learning: Why does the ability to learn language change with age? 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