{"id":79,"date":"2021-06-16T11:31:24","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T09:31:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/?page_id=79"},"modified":"2024-01-11T12:01:52","modified_gmt":"2024-01-11T11:01:52","slug":"big-question-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.dcc.ru.nl\/languageininteraction\/research-organization\/big-questions\/big-question-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Big Question 3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Creating a shared cognitive space: How is language grounded in and shaped by communicative settings of interacting people?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Language is a key socio-cognitive human function predominantly used in interaction. Yet, linguistics and cognitive neuroscience have largely focused on individuals\u2019 coding-decoding signals according to their structural dependencies. Understanding the communicative use of language requires shifting the focus of investigation to the mechanisms used by interlocutors to share a conceptual space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This big question considers the influence of two dimensions over multiple communicative resources (speech, gestures, gaze) and linguistic structures (from phonology to pragmatics), namely the temporal structure of communicative interactions and the functional dynamics of real-life communicative interactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is deep collaboration between all BQ3 subprojects. The qualitative results that follow from the simulation studies will be related to the empirical findings from the other subprojects and vice versa, the empirical observations from the other subprojects will inspire the qualitative hypotheses to be tested. The cognitive agent-based simulation studies go beyond the empirical paradigm in the BQ3 project, because they allow us to test for qualitative differences in interactive behaviour by manipulating the cognitive capacities of the agents\u2014something that is difficult to do with human test subjects\u2014while simultaneously leading to explicit theories of computational mechanisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

People involved<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Prof. dr. Ivan Toni<\/strong>
PI \/ Coordinator BQ3
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Prof. dr. Mirjam Ernestus<\/strong>
PI
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Prof. dr. Caroline Rowland<\/strong>
PI
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Prof. dr. Asli Ozyurek<\/strong>
PI
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Prof. dr. Iris van Rooij<\/strong>
PI
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Dr. Jan-Mathijs Schoffelen<\/strong>
PI
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Dr. Sara B\u00f6gels<\/strong>
Postdoc
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Dr. Marieke Woensdregt<\/strong>
Postdoc
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Prof. dr. Stephen Levinson<\/strong>
PI
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Dr. Judith Holler<\/strong>
PI
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Dr. Mark Dingemanse<\/strong>
PI
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Prof. dr. Herbert Schriefers<\/strong>
PI
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Dr. Wim Pouw<\/strong>
PI
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Dr. Esam Ghaleb<\/strong>
Postdoc
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PhD Candidates<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Lotte Eijk<\/strong>
PhD Candidate
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Marlou Rasenberg<\/strong>
PhD Candidate
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Collaborators<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Laura van de Braak<\/a>
Prof. dr. Christian D\u00f6ller<\/a>
Dr. Mark Blokpoel<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alumni<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Linda Drijvers<\/a> – PhD
James Trujillo<\/a> – PhD
Dr. Branka Milivojevic – Postdoc
Dr. Mark Blokpoel<\/a> – Coordinating Postdoc
Dr. George Kachergis<\/a>
Rui Lui<\/a> – PhD
Dr. David Neville<\/a>
Flavia Arnese – Research Assistant<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Research Highlights (2022)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Highlight 1<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The multimodal nature of communicative efficiency in social interaction<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Team members<\/strong>: Marlou Rasenberg, Wim Pouw, Asli \u00d6zy\u00fcrek, Mark Dingemanse<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This project proposes a synthesis of work on joint action and language use, using primary data, novel methods and theoretical insights from the CABB project to study communicative efficiency in social interaction. Combining kinematic measures and annotations derived from speech, it investigates how people divide the joint work of arriving at mutual understanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Figure 1.<\/em><\/strong> A) \u201cFribbles\u201d used as stimuli; B) Experimental set-up.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

We have investigated whether and how people minimize their joint speech and gesture efforts in face-to-face interactions, using linguistic and kinematic analyses. We zoom in on other-initiated repair\u2014a conversational microcosm where people coordinate their utterances to solve problems with perceiving or understanding. We find that efforts in the spoken and gestural modalities are wielded in parallel across repair turns of different types, and that people repair conversational problems in the most cost-efficient way possible, minimizing the joint multimodal effort for the dyad as a whole. These results are in line with the principle of least collaborative effort in speech and with the reduction of joint costs in non-linguistic joint actions. The results extend our understanding of those co-efficiency principles by revealing that they pertain to multimodal utterance design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Figure <\/em><\/strong>2<\/strong> Boxplots showing the effort invested in the repair initiation (orange) and repair solution (blue), for repair formats of increasing specificity (open request < restricted request < restricted offer). The boxes represent the interquartile range; the middle line the median; the whiskers the minimum and maximum scores (outliers excluded). Every dot represents a repair initiation or solution. Absolute speech effort (A) and absolute gesture effort (B) both go up in repair initiations and down in repair solutions as repair formats become more specific. Proportional multimodal effort (C) shifts from repair initiation to repair solution as we move towards more specific repair formats. The dashed line represents equal division of effort across participants.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The findings indicate that speech and gesture efforts rise and fall together across repair types and sequential positions. This corroborates the view that speech and gesture are integral parts of a single multimodal communicative system, providing a novel and quantitative interdisciplinary perspective on studies of language use and nonlinguistic joint action. This project is a direct result of BQ3\u2019s multidisciplinary approach, integrating different aspects of human communication in a comprehensive multimodal dataset relevant for a wide range of disciplines.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Creating a shared cognitive space: How is language grounded in and shaped by communicative settings of interacting people? 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